ENSOblog_20210715_SST-maize-yield-anomalies_large.png

Average observed sea surface temperature and geopotential height anomalies for Nov-Jan during La Niñas, which tend to be preceded by El Niños and followed by weaker La Niña-like conditions, for the years 1950-2010 (top panel). Corresponding maize yield anomalies, expressed as percent deviations from the long-term trend, in Argentina, Uruguay, and Southern Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul).  Figure provided by Weston Anderson and modified by climate.gov.